Basic concepts of automatic sprinkler fire suppression systems
The automatic injector consists of an outlet with a glass bulb containing liquid propellant fitted to a copper or brass body with a deflector, and an inlet with a thread to connect to a branch pipe.
The glass bulb is classified according to each specific temperature, sealing the exit hole of the nozzle to create pressure at the end of the fire alarm valve to keep the valve closed under normal conditions. In the event of a fire, the liquid inside the glass bulb will expand, the glass bulb will break and high pressure water will begin to spray out of the exit hole.
Metals that easily melt are also often used to replace glass bulbs.
Very popular types of nozzles with a diverse range of usage temperatures and are selected depending on the requirements of the project to be installed.
Automatic nozzle fire suppression system
The automatic sprinkler fire suppression system includes a water tank, a fire pump with appropriate capacity and pressure, usually installed near the water tank to pump water to areas that need protection through the main distribution pipe system and branch pipes.
A stop valve and a special valve (often called a fire alarm valve) are installed on the main pipeline near the area that needs to be protected. The valve is usually in a closed state due to pressure from the glass bulb of the automatic injectors. Branch pipes are distributed to each area to be protected, where they are connected to automatic sprinklers.
When a fire occurs, the glass bulbs will break when the temperature reaches the appropriate value and release water from the nozzle. Due to the pressure difference before and after the fire alarm valve, the valve will open to supply water to the nozzles. When the valve opens, an alarm signal will be provided to the system.
The sprinklers will continue to spray until the control valve is closed and the fire alarm valve is reset.
Advantages of automatic nozzle fire suppression system:
- Fixed, automatically operated, is the most reliable system.
- Since the sprinklers only have an impact on the fire area, the damage caused by water is minimal.
- The sprinklers can be installed even in closed spaces, difficult places accessible, this is very useful when a fire occurs.
- Significantly reduces insurance premiums thereby saving costs in the long run
- Thanks to the system's quick response when a fire occurs, damage caused by fire is minimal.
Limitations of automatic sprinkler system:Disadvantages of Sprinkler System :
- High investment cost.
- Because it is an automatic operating system, it needs careful maintenance.
- Not too effective unless the entire area is protected by an automatic sprinkler system dynamic.
Questions for automatic nozzle fire suppression system:
Many people wonder about the effectiveness of the automatic nozzle fire suppression system. There are also many misunderstandings about this system. What are its obvious advantages? How is it better than a fire extinguisher? Can a fire alarm system be used instead? The following article will clarify for you about the automatic sprinkler fire suppression system.
What is the function of the automatic nozzle fire suppression system?
The automatic injector is a heat-sensitive device. There are many types of nozzles with many different designs and temperature ranges. Heat-sensitive components are installed facing the ground or to the area most susceptible to fire. The other end is installed into the firefighting water pipe system with high pressure usually from 7bar to 10bar.
When a fire occurs near the location of the automatic sprinkler head, with a temperature higher than the rated temperature of the heat-sensitive component. The glass bulb in the nozzle, or the heat-sensitive device inside, will break and the water inside the system will be sprayed at high pressure through the nozzle straight into the fire.
All of these steps are automatic and take place within 3 minutes after the fire is detected. In this way, the automatic sprinkler fire suppression system is an automatic fire alarm and suppression system. However, the automatic sprinkler fire suppression system is only considered a simple fire suppression system.
Active and automatic protection:
Automatic nozzle fire suppression system designed to be completely automatic. This is the main advantage of any system over all other systems. This system does not require human intervention of any kind. The basic principle is that the fire will be extinguished right from the start by high pressure nozzles. This is a particularly great advantage compared to other systems when used for civil projects. Once the fire suppression system is extinguishing the fire, residents can be evacuated from the building. Therefore, the chance of someone dying or being injured by a fire is very small. The fire suppression system is an extremely effective method in extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire.
Compare automatic sprinkler fire suppression system and fire extinguisher system:
Fire extinguishers are more effective on small fires and in the initial stages. However, people still have to risk their lives to prevent a fire from spreading when using a fire extinguisher. Fire extinguishers also require relatively higher maintenance costs. The possibility of someone being permanently disabled by the fire is always present. All of these disadvantages are neutralized with the automatic nozzle fire extinguishing system, a more optimal automatic fire extinguishing system.
Compare automatic nozzle fire suppression system and wall fire suppression system:
The wall fire extinguishing system is also a system that requires an operator, so there is a large possibility for a person to be burned or injured when extinguishing a fire. Furthermore, it is not easy to operate wall fire extinguishing systems. They have a limitation: they cannot be used on small fires in enclosed spaces. The spray force of the nozzle is so powerful that it takes two people just to hold the nozzle. In fact, in some cases, the damage caused by firefighting is greater than the damage caused by the fire. Damage to machinery and equipment is sometimes irreparable. This disadvantage is non-existent or insignificant for automatic nozzle fire suppression systems.
Compare automatic sprinkler fire suppression system and fire alarm system:
The biggest disadvantage of the fire alarm system is that it is a passive system. It will only alert you, after detecting a fire at a very early stage. After receiving this early warning, you must evacuate the factory facility or residential area. Here, the automatic nozzle fire suppression system shows its advantage.
So why should you use an automatic nozzle fire suppression system?
Because this is a system that operates 24/7 without needing your intervention. It is a system proven by time and quality.
So, why don't some people choose to use an automatic sprinkler fire suppression system?
"Budget constraints" is the main reason, period. That's because many people have a perception that their millions of dollars of investment are not "easy" to burn. One of the main reasons is that they have no awareness of fire, they completely forget the dangers of fire.
Source: https://instrumentationtools.com/sprinkler-system/
Abridged translation: Khanh An
