Fire fighting system
Author: Jadhav Amit R
The fire suppression system is probably the most important system of a building, because its purpose is first to protect human life, then to protect property for the project.
Fire fighting system
The fire fighting system includes three basic components:
1. A large amount of water is stored in fire fighting water tanks, which can be installed underground or on top of the structure.
2. Fire pump room
3. The fire water pipe system is carried throughout the building. This system can be connected to the fire hydrant system or automatic fire hydrant system.
Fire fighting water tank
Fire water tanks are used to store water for emergency firefighting purposes, they are often painted red to distinguish. The volume of these types of tanks varies depending on the requirements of each project.
Fire fighting water tanks are very diverse in types, they can be large tanks installed on the surface or underground.
Fire pump room
Fire pump room includes the following equipment:
- Jockey pumps
- Electrical Fire Hydrant pump (Electrical Fire Hydrant pump)
- Diesel Engine Fire hydrant pump pump)
- Oil tank
- Pipe system
- Fire alarm system
Pressure compensation pump
The pressure compensation pump is used to maintain water pressure in the firefighting water pipes of the building.
The water pressure maintained in the pipeline is about 5 to 7 kg/cm2. Pressure transmitters are installed to help monitor pressure on pipes, the number of installations depends on project requirements.
The pressure transmitters will be set to Low and High pressure levels.
When the water pressure in the pipeline drops below 6kg/cm2, the pressure compensation pump will automatically start to maintain the water pressure in the pipeline as the set value.
When the pressure compensation pump is in automatic mode, the pump will be started or stopped according to the Low and High setting values of the signal transmitter.
If water in the firefighting pipeline is used, the pressure in the pipeline will suddenly decrease, causing the compensation pump to start automatically to maintain the required pressure of the pipeline. If the pressure drops below a certain value, the main pumps (electric pump and diesel pump) will operate corresponding to each set pressure value.
Electric pump
The electric pump has a higher capacity than the pressure compensation pump. This pump will operate as soon as the system pressure drops below a certain value, usually this value is lower than the set value of the pressure compensation pump.
While the pump is running when a fire occurs, if a power outage occurs, the pump will turn off. This is the worst situation when using electric fire pumps. To overcome this drawback, people install a diesel engine pump, which will automatically turn on when a power outage occurs.
The electric pump is designed to start automatically when the water pressure in the pipeline drops to a certain value. These pumps will only be able to be stopped manually.
Diesel engine pump
Diesel engine fire pump also works like any other diesel engine pump. The pump is started with the help of a UPS unit and uses diesel fuel to run. The pump has a fairly large backup oil tank.
The diesel engine pump is designed to start automatically when the water pressure in the pipeline drops to a certain value. These pumps will only be able to be stopped manually.
The entire fire fighting system operates according to the following Logical sequence:
1. When the water pressure in the pipe drops below 6kg/cm2, the jockey pump will automatically start and stop when the pressure reaches 7kg/cm2.
2. When the water pressure in the pipeline drops below 5kg/cm2, the main pumps will start automatically. The electric pump and oil pump both have their own setting values. If the pressure drops to a certain value, the pumps will start automatically. Note: The pump must be in automatic state, electric pumps and oil pumps can only be stopped manually.
3. When a power outage occurs throughout the building, the oil pump will maintain firefighting water pressure in the pipeline throughout the duration of the fire.
Source: https://instrumentationtools.com/fire-fighting-system/
Abridged translation: Khanh An
